Peter Tchaïkovsky - translation to french
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Peter Tchaïkovsky - translation to french

RUSSIAN COMPOSER (1840–1893)
Piotr Ilyitch Tchaikovsky; Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky; Tchaikovsky; Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky; Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky; Pyotr Tchaikovsky; Peter Tchaikovsky; Pjotr Ilych Tchaikovsky; Pyotr Ilich Tchaikovsky; Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky; Chaikovski; Tschaikowski; Tschaikovski; Tsjaikovskij; Tsjajkovskij; Tchaikofsky; Tchaikovski; Tchaikowski; Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikowsky; Pjotr Iljitsch Tschaikowsky; P. I Tschaikovsky; Tchaikovasky; Пётр Ильи́ч Чайко́вский; Tschaikowsky; Piotr Ilich Tschaikowsky; Pyotr Tchaikowsky; Pëtr Ilyich Tchaikovsky; Tchaichovsky; Tchaicovsky; Tjajkovskij; Peter Ilyich Tschaikowsky; Tschaikovsky; Pyotr Ilyich Tschaikovsky; Piotr Tchaikovsky; P. I. Tschaikovsky; P.I. Tschaikovsky; Peter Illich Tchaikovsky; Piotr Ilitsch Tschaikowski; Pyotr Il’ich Chaykovsky; Pyotr Il'yich Chaikovsky; Pyotr Il’yich Tchaikovsky; Pytor Il'yich Chaykovsky; Pjotr Iljitsch Tschaikowski; Piotr Czajkowski; Piotr Iljicz Czajkowskij; Ilyich Tchaikovsky; Tchicovski; Tschaicowsky; Pëtr Il’ič Čajkovskij; Tchiachovski; Chaikovsky; Pjotr Tjajkovskij; Tchaicovksy; Tchaicovski; Peter Tchaikovski; Tchaikovksy; Pyotr Il'ich Chaykovsky; Petr Ilyich Tchaikovsky; Petr Il'ic Cajkovskij; Peter Ilyitch Tschaikovsky; Piotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky; Pyotr Illich Tchaikovsky; P. I. Tchaikovsky; Pyotr Ilyich; Čajkovskij; Pyotr Chaikovsky; Peter Tschaikowsky; Peter I. Tchaikovski; P. I. Tchaikovski; P I Tchaikovski; P I Tchaikovsky; Peter I Tchaikovsky; Peter I. Tchaikovsky; Pëtr Ilyich Chaikovsky; Pietr Tchaikowsky; Peter Tschaikovsky; Peter Ilyich Tchiakovsky; Чайковский; Pyotr Illych Tchaikovsky; Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky; Petr Il’ic Cajkovskij; Peter Illich Tschaikowsky; Peter Ilyitch Tchaikovsky; Pyotr Ilyich Chaykovsky; Piotr Iljitsch Tchaikowsky; Pyotr Chaykovsky; Chaykovski; Petr chaikovskiy; Pjotr Tšaikovski; Tchaikofski; Peter Iljitsch Tschaikowsky; Sexuality of Pyotr Illyich Tchaikovsky; Petr Ilich Chaykovskiy; Tchaik
  • Alexander III]] by [[Nadar]]
  • 1866}}
  • The conductor [[Hans von Bülow]]
  • Eduard Hanslick
  • [[Iosif Kotek]] (left) and Tchaikovsky (right), 1877
  • Marius Petipa in 1890–1895
  • Klin]], now the [[Tchaikovsky State House-Museum]]
  • [[Robert Schumann]], lithograph by [[Josef Kriehuber]], in 1839
  • Postcard [[collage]] (1862) of photos of Anton (right) and Nikolai Rubinstein
  • Stamp of Russia, ''Swan Lake'', 1993
  • Play}}. Note that there are only four segments, continuously higher, and that the segments continue by the same distance (seconds: C–D, D–E, etc.).
  • Tchaikovsky and Antonina on their honeymoon, 1877
  • Modern view of the [[Imperial School of Jurisprudence]], Saint Petersburg
  • [[Nadezhda von Meck]], Tchaikovsky's patroness and confidante from 1877 to 1890
  • Tchaikovsky as a student at the [[St. Petersburg Conservatory]]. Photo, 1863
  • Tchaikovsky in [[Odessa]], where he conducted five concerts in January 1893
  • Tchaikovsky's grave in [[Tikhvin Cemetery]], [[Saint Petersburg]]
  • Statue of Tchaikovsky in [[Simferopol]], Crimea

Peter Tchaïkovsky      
Peter Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) Russian composer
Tchaikovsky      
Tchaikovsky, family name; Peter Tchaikovsky (1840-93), Russian composer
Tchaïkovski      
Tchaikovsky, family name; Peter Tchaikovsky (1840-93), Russian composer

Definition

Peter Chen
<person> The developer of the Entity-Relationship model. (1995-02-07)

Wikipedia

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ( chy-KOF-skee; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. Tchaikovsky wrote some of the most popular concert and theatrical music in the current classical repertoire, including the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker, the 1812 Overture, his First Piano Concerto, Violin Concerto, the Romeo and Juliet Overture-Fantasy, several symphonies, and the opera Eugene Onegin.

Although musically precocious, Tchaikovsky was educated for a career as a civil servant as there was little opportunity for a musical career in Russia at the time and no system of public music education. When an opportunity for such an education arose, he entered the nascent Saint Petersburg Conservatory, from which he graduated in 1865. The formal Western-oriented teaching that Tchaikovsky received there set him apart from composers of the contemporary nationalist movement embodied by the Russian composers of The Five with whom his professional relationship was mixed.

Tchaikovsky's training set him on a path to reconcile what he had learned with the native musical practices to which he had been exposed from childhood. From that reconciliation, he forged a personal but unmistakably Russian style. The principles that governed melody, harmony, and other fundamentals of Russian music ran completely counter to those that governed Western European music, which seemed to defeat the potential for using Russian music in large-scale Western composition or for forming a composite style, and it caused personal antipathies that dented Tchaikovsky's self-confidence. Russian culture exhibited a split personality, with its native and adopted elements having drifted apart increasingly since the time of Peter the Great. That resulted in uncertainty among the intelligentsia about the country's national identity, an ambiguity mirrored in Tchaikovsky's career.

Despite his many popular successes, Tchaikovsky's life was punctuated by personal crises and depression. Contributory factors included his early separation from his mother for boarding school followed by his mother's early death, the death of his close friend and colleague Nikolai Rubinstein, his failed marriage with Antonina Miliukova, and the collapse of his 13-year association with the wealthy patroness Nadezhda von Meck. Tchaikovsky's homosexuality, which he kept private, has traditionally also been considered a major factor though some scholars have played down its importance. His dedication of his Sixth symphony to his nephew Vladimir "Bob" Davydov and his feelings expressed about Davydov in letters to others, especially following Davydov's suicide, have been cited as evidence for a romantic love between the two. Tchaikovsky's sudden death at the age of 53 is generally ascribed to cholera, but there is an ongoing debate as to whether cholera was indeed the cause and whether the death was accidental or intentional.

While his music has remained popular among audiences, critical opinions were initially mixed. Some Russians did not feel it was sufficiently representative of native musical values and expressed suspicion that Europeans accepted the music for its Western elements. In an apparent reinforcement of the latter claim, some Europeans lauded Tchaikovsky for offering music more substantive than base exoticism, and said he transcended stereotypes of Russian classical music. Others dismissed Tchaikovsky's music as "lacking in elevated thought", and derided its formal workings as deficient because they did not stringently follow Western principles.